Wikipedia on motorsport.

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Hill climbs, time-trials and sprints

After which, permanent autodromes popularly replaced circuits on public roads. The International Olympic Committee officially recognises both FIM and FIA as international sports federations. The contemporary press (including The Engineer), as well as Fletcher’s publications, document this event along with the vehicle specifications. Organisers and governing bodies may commonly or officially refer to these vehicle types using the more specific terms like automobile sport — motorcycle sport, power boating, and air sports.

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A collective of events is called a series (and a grouping of competitions often forms the basis of a championship), cup or trophy. Since the 1990s (this race has been organised by SCORE International whilst NORRA’s events have closer followed the FIA regulations and standards for cross country rallies), although the association has no affiliation to ACCUS, the US’s FIA member. Winners can be the first to finish of competing pairs or by setting the fastest time, and competitions may have heats and/or series of runs.

FIA oversees this sport (identified as CIK), allowing individuals aged 8 and older to engage in licensed competitive racing. Among the prominent off-road events on open terrain is the Baja 1000 desert race — which is organised by SCORE International. Off-road racing can occur on open terrain without predefined routes or on circuits with unsealed surfaces such as dirt or gravel. Racers complete a predetermined number of laps to determine the winner as the first to finish — or compete for a set duration where the one achieving the most laps emerges victorious, with others ranked afterward. Circuit racing is conducted on tracks with sealed surfaces — either at permanent autodromes or on makeshift street circuits. While English dictionaries do not consistently define a race as a contest between competitors running side by side, the FIA describes racing in its International Sporting Code as a scenario where two or more cars compete together on the same track simultaneously.

Rallying involves driving to a set itinerary, following a prescribed route and arriving and departing at control points at set times with penalties applied for diverging from the route or arriving late and early. Hill climb courses can be short at less than 1 mile, or several miles long such as the 12.42 mile Pikes Peak course in Colorado, USA. Its origins begin near the start of motorsport, particularly with the trials held that tested the capabilities of early automobiles to tackle uphill gradients. Hillclimbing is the most widely known form of time-trial due to its status as the only time trial or sprint form to have international FIA championships and endorsement. Qualifying sessions for circuit races and special stages in rallying take the general form of time trials and sprints. As a free-time activity, it can be performed by almost anybody, and as karting circuits can be indoors and not take as much space as other forms of motorsport, it can be accessible to retail consumers without much qualification or training.

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• The classification of these rallies are determined by summing the times set with the fastest crews being victorious, as found in the World Rally Championship.
• Competitions commonly feature two cars vying for supremacy (where one serves as the lead and the other as a chaser), with only the lead car advancing to the next round or winning the event.
• Although English dictionaries do not unanimously agree and singularly define that a race is between competitors running head-to-head, in its International Sporting Code, the FIA defines racing as two or more cars competing on the same course simultaneously.
• Notable off-road races on open terrain include the Baja 1000 desert race, organised by SCORE International.

Rallying

Permission of the ASNs must be obtained to organise events using their rules, and their licenses must be held by participants. On 28 November 1895, the Chicago Times-Herald race, running from Chicago to Evanston and back, a distance of sixty miles, was held. Examples of categories within a discipline are formula racing (stock car racing), touring car racing, sports car racing, etc. In 2018 the renamed Motorsport.TV decided to stop broadcasting as a television station and closed down the television operation.

Rallies that include routes that cover terrain off-road are also known as rally raid or cross-country rallies — the most famous example being the Dakar Rally. This method is often called rally racing or stage rallying informally — whilst rallies that do not include special stages are distinctly regularity rallies. The classification of these rallies are determined by summing the times set with the fastest crews being victorious, as found in the World Rally Championship. Rallies nearly always involve routes on open roads — closed special stages are used on some rallies where competitors drive against the clock. Ultimately (they are similar to other time trial sprints but originate from the cars and courses used in special stage rallying with the elements of navigation and itinerary removed), and not necessarily requiring a co-driver to call pacenotes.

These competitions entail meticulous car handling (typically against the clock on very compact and temporary courses), though not exclusively. Known as Autocross in the US and Canada (and Autoslalom in Continental Europe), these related disciplines also take place in the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. In drifting, a motorsport discipline, drivers deliberately induce loss of traction in corners using oversteering, while effectively managing momentum through throttle control, clutch engagement, and corrective steering.

Speed competitions that do not involve racing might have various names, but they are all governed by the overarching principle that participants must individually complete a course aiming for the shortest time or highest average speed. After World War I, Grand Prix races were organised by European nations on closed circuits. Also referred to as sanctioning bodies, governing entities typically establish overarching rules for each discipline while permitting additional regulations to refine the nature of specific competitions, series, or championships. This year’s F1 vehicles have yet to race in wet conditions, which may occur due to Spa’s unpredictable microclimate during the Belgian GP. Competitions often showcase pairs of cars racing together — where a lead car competes against a chase car, with only one car proceeding to the next heat or securing the overall victory. During competitions, a panel of judges evaluates performance based on artistry and car control through corners or a series of turns.

Sprints, time trials and time attack

ASNs, their affiliated clubs or independent commercial promotors organise motorsport events which often include competitions. Motorsport (also called motorsports or powersports) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft. Time attack are terms used by series that run sprints at racing circuits where competitors try to set the quickest lap time rather than racing head-to-head with others. They are held on courses that do not climb a hill — at private and closed roadways where higher speeds and distances can be reached than at an autotesting course for example. Hillclimbing events often include classes of competition for various categories and ages of vehicle and so may be incorporated into car shows or festivals of motoring such as the Goodwood Festival of Speed. This form of motorsport can be recreational or when competitive, rules may vary slightly such as whether to include the total time of several runs, the best time set, or the average pace of multiple courses to classify competitors.

A form of circuit racing known as kart racing employs small (low-profile vehicles called go-karts), which are not categorized as automobiles. The FIA has granted approval for Extreme E (an electric off-road racing series), whose organisers plan to launch a hydrogen fuel series named Extreme H, starting in 2025. In North America, the term road racing refers to racing events and courses that originate from competitions held on public roadways, distinct from oval racing that takes place on specially built speedways constructed from concrete or wood.